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Legacy Standard Bible Translation Notes
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The Tyndale Center for Bible Translation

NOTES

BIBLE

Luke 15

1

Now all the tax collectors and the sinners were coming near Him to listen to Him.

Ἦσαν δὲ αὐτῷ ἐγγίζοντες πάντες οἱ τελῶναι καὶ οἱ ἁμαρτωλοὶ ἀκούειν αὐτοῦ.

 
2

And both the Pharisees and the scribes were grumbling, saying, “This man receives sinners and eats with them.”

καὶ διεγόγγυζον οἵ τε Φαρισαῖοι καὶ οἱ γραμματεῖς λέγοντες ὅτι Οὗτος ἁμαρτωλοὺς προσδέχεται καὶ συνεσθίει αὐτοῖς.

 
3

So He told them this parable, saying,

εἶπεν δὲ πρὸς αὐτοὺς τὴν παραβολὴν ταύτην λέγων·

 
4

“What man among you, if he has one hundred sheep and has lost one of them, does not leave the ninety-nine in the open pasture and go after the one which is lost until he finds it?

Τίς ἄνθρωπος ἐξ ὑμῶν ἔχων ἑκατὸν πρόβατα καὶ ἀπολέσας ἐξ αὐτῶν ἓν οὐ καταλείπει τὰ ἐνενήκοντα ἐννέα ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ καὶ πορεύεται ἐπὶ τὸ ἀπολωλὸς ἕως εὕρῃ αὐτό;

 
5

And when he has found it, he lays it on his shoulders, rejoicing.

καὶ εὑρὼν ἐπιτίθησιν ἐπὶ τοὺς ὤμους αὐτοῦ χαίρων,

 
6

And when he comes home, he calls together his friends and his neighbors, saying to them, ‘Rejoice with me, for I have found my sheep which was lost!’

καὶ ἐλθὼν εἰς τὸν οἶκον συγκαλεῖ τοὺς φίλους καὶ τοὺς γείτονας, λέγων αὐτοῖς· Συγχάρητέ μοι ὅτι εὗρον τὸ πρόβατόν μου τὸ ἀπολωλός.

 
7

I tell you that in the same way, there will be more joy in heaven over one sinner who repents than over ninety-nine righteous persons who need no repentance.

λέγω ὑμῖν ὅτι οὕτως χαρὰ ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ ἔσται ἐπὶ ἑνὶ ἁμαρτωλῷ μετανοοῦντι ἢ ἐπὶ ἐνενήκοντα ἐννέα δικαίοις οἵτινες οὐ χρείαν ἔχουσιν μετανοίας.

 
8

“Or what woman, if she has ten drachmas and loses one drachma, does not light a lamp and sweep the house and search carefully until she finds it?

Ἢ τίς γυνὴ δραχμὰς ἔχουσα δέκα, ἐὰν ἀπολέσῃ δραχμὴν μίαν, οὐχὶ ἅπτει λύχνον καὶ σαροῖ τὴν οἰκίαν καὶ ζητεῖ ἐπιμελῶς ἕως οὗ εὕρῃ;

 
9

And when she has found it, she calls together her friends and neighbors, saying, ‘Rejoice with me, for I have found the drachma which I had lost!’

καὶ εὑροῦσα συγκαλεῖ τὰς φίλας καὶ γείτονας λέγουσα· Συγχάρητέ μοι ὅτι εὗρον τὴν δραχμὴν ἣν ἀπώλεσα.

 
10

In the same way, I tell you, there is joy in the presence of the angels of God over one sinner who repents.”

οὕτως, λέγω ὑμῖν, γίνεται χαρὰ ἐνώπιον τῶν ἀγγέλων τοῦ θεοῦ ἐπὶ ἑνὶ ἁμαρτωλῷ μετανοοῦντι.

 
11

And He said, “A man had two sons.

Εἶπεν δέ· Ἄνθρωπός τις εἶχεν δύο υἱούς.

 
12

And the younger of them said to his father, ‘Father, give me the share of the estate that falls.’ So he divided his wealth between them.

καὶ εἶπεν ὁ νεώτερος αὐτῶν τῷ πατρί· Πάτερ, δός μοι τὸ ἐπιβάλλον μέρος τῆς οὐσίας· ὁ δὲ διεῖλεν αὐτοῖς τὸν βίον.

 
13

And not many days later, the younger son gathered everything together and went on a journey into a distant country, and there he squandered his estate living recklessly.

καὶ μετʼ οὐ πολλὰς ἡμέρας συναγαγὼν πάντα ὁ νεώτερος υἱὸς ἀπεδήμησεν εἰς χώραν μακράν, καὶ ἐκεῖ διεσκόρπισεν τὴν οὐσίαν αὐτοῦ ζῶν ἀσώτως.

recklessly
The translation “recklessly” is very appropriate for the word ἀσώτως (asōtōs), which is the adverbial form of the noun ἀσωτία (asōtia). This word usually describes wasteful, excessive, irresponsible behavior which expresses itself in reckless self-indulgence. It is a very apt description for the prodigal son, who quickly squandered his entire inheritance on prostitutes (cf. v. 30).

 
14

Now when he had spent everything, a severe famine occurred in that country, and he began to be impoverished.

δαπανήσαντος δὲ αὐτοῦ πάντα ἐγένετο λιμὸς ἰσχυρὰ κατὰ τὴν χώραν ἐκείνην, καὶ αὐτὸς ἤρξατο ὑστερεῖσθαι.

 
15

So he went and hired himself out to one of the citizens of that country, and he sent him into his fields to feed swine.

καὶ πορευθεὶς ἐκολλήθη ἑνὶ τῶν πολιτῶν τῆς χώρας ἐκείνης, καὶ ἔπεμψεν αὐτὸν εἰς τοὺς ἀγροὺς αὐτοῦ βόσκειν χοίρους·

 
16

And he was desiring to be fed with the pods that the swine were eating, and no one was giving anything to him.

καὶ ἐπεθύμει γεμίσαι τὴν κοιλίαν αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τῶν κερατίων ὧν ἤσθιον οἱ χοῖροι, καὶ οὐδεὶς ἐδίδου αὐτῷ.

he was desiring to be fed
Though the Greek text above, taken from the SBLGNT, reads, “he was desiring to fill his stomach” (ἐπεθύμει γεμίσαι τὴν κοιλίαν αὐτοῦ; epethymei gemisai tēn koilian autou), ancient manuscript evidence weighs in favor of the variant reading, “he was desiring to be fed” (ἐπεθύμει χορτασθῆναι; epethymei chortasthēnai; see Metzger, TCGNT, 139), as in the NA28 and UBS5. Identifying this as the proper text and translating it literally brings out Luke’s intentional connection with the following chapter. One evidence of such a connection is found in 16:21, within Jesus’ parable of the rich man and Lazarus. There, Lazarus “was desiring to be fed” with crumbs which fell from the rich man’s table. Translating the same phrase identically in both places helps the reader to make this connection between two poor men who each desired to be fed with something from a source they considered superior to their current position. Both were destitute and desperate but would later be shown great compassion and grace, contrasted with a prideful counterpart.

 
17

But when he came to himself, he said, ‘How many of my father’s hired men have more than enough bread, but I am dying here with hunger!

εἰς ἑαυτὸν δὲ ἐλθὼν ἔφη· Πόσοι μίσθιοι τοῦ πατρός μου περισσεύονται ἄρτων, ἐγὼ δὲ λιμῷ ὧδε ἀπόλλυμαι·

 
18

I will rise up and go to my father, and will say to him, “Father, I have sinned against heaven, and before you.

ἀναστὰς πορεύσομαι πρὸς τὸν πατέρα μου καὶ ἐρῶ αὐτῷ· Πάτερ, ἥμαρτον εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ ἐνώπιόν σου,

before you
While some translations render this phrase, “in Your sight,” “before You” provides a more literal rendering of the Greek phrase, ἐνώπιόν σου (enōpion sou). This is also the consistent way of translating this phrase throughout the New Testament, providing the clearest window into the Greek text and helping the reader to recognize the same phrase wherever it appears.

 
19

I am no longer worthy to be called your son; make me as one of your hired men.”’

οὐκέτι εἰμὶ ἄξιος κληθῆναι υἱός σου· ποίησόν με ὡς ἕνα τῶν μισθίων σου.

 
20

So he rose up and came to his father. But while he was still a long way off, his father saw him and felt compassion, and ran and embraced him and kissed him.

καὶ ἀναστὰς ἦλθεν πρὸς τὸν πατέρα ἑαυτοῦ. ἔτι δὲ αὐτοῦ μακρὰν ἀπέχοντος εἶδεν αὐτὸν ὁ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐσπλαγχνίσθη καὶ δραμὼν ἐπέπεσεν ἐπὶ τὸν τράχηλον αὐτοῦ καὶ κατεφίλησεν αὐτόν.

 
21

And the son said to him, ‘Father, I have sinned against heaven and before you. I am no longer worthy to be called your son.’

εἶπεν δὲ ὁ υἱὸς αὐτῷ· Πάτερ, ἥμαρτον εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν καὶ ἐνώπιόν σου, οὐκέτι εἰμὶ ἄξιος κληθῆναι υἱός σου.

 
22

But the father said to his slaves, ‘Quickly bring out the best robe and put it on him, and put a ring on his hand and sandals on his feet,

εἶπεν δὲ ὁ πατὴρ πρὸς τοὺς δούλους αὐτοῦ· Ταχὺ ἐξενέγκατε στολὴν τὴν πρώτην καὶ ἐνδύσατε αὐτόν, καὶ δότε δακτύλιον εἰς τὴν χεῖρα αὐτοῦ καὶ ὑποδήματα εἰς τοὺς πόδας,

 
23

and bring the fattened calf, slaughter it, and let us eat and celebrate,

καὶ φέρετε τὸν μόσχον τὸν σιτευτόν, θύσατε, καὶ φαγόντες εὐφρανθῶμεν,

 
24

for this son of mine was dead and has come to life again; he was lost and has been found.’ And they began to celebrate.

ὅτι οὗτος ὁ υἱός μου νεκρὸς ἦν καὶ ἀνέζησεν, ἦν ἀπολωλὼς καὶ εὑρέθη. καὶ ἤρξαντο εὐφραίνεσθαι.

 
25

“Now his older son was in the field, and when he came and approached the house, he heard music and dancing.

Ἦν δὲ ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ὁ πρεσβύτερος ἐν ἀγρῷ· καὶ ὡς ἐρχόμενος ἤγγισεν τῇ οἰκίᾳ, ἤκουσεν συμφωνίας καὶ χορῶν,

 
26

And summoning one of the servants, he began inquiring what these things could be.

καὶ προσκαλεσάμενος ἕνα τῶν παίδων ἐπυνθάνετο τί ἂν εἴη ταῦτα·

 
27

And he said to him, ‘Your brother has come, and your father has killed the fattened calf because he has received him back safe and sound.’

ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτῷ ὅτι Ὁ ἀδελφός σου ἥκει, καὶ ἔθυσεν ὁ πατήρ σου τὸν μόσχον τὸν σιτευτόν, ὅτι ὑγιαίνοντα αὐτὸν ἀπέλαβεν.

 
28

But he became angry and was not wanting to go in, and his father came out and began pleading with him.

ὠργίσθη δὲ καὶ οὐκ ἤθελεν εἰσελθεῖν. ὁ δὲ πατὴρ αὐτοῦ ἐξελθὼν παρεκάλει αὐτόν.

 
29

But he answered and said to his father, ‘Look! For so many years I have been serving you and never have I neglected a command of yours. And yet never have you given me a young goat, so that I might celebrate with my friends.

ὁ δὲ ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν τῷ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ· Ἰδοὺ τοσαῦτα ἔτη δουλεύω σοι καὶ οὐδέποτε ἐντολήν σου παρῆλθον, καὶ ἐμοὶ οὐδέποτε ἔδωκας ἔριφον ἵνα μετὰ τῶν φίλων μου εὐφρανθῶ·

never have I
While some translations use a more familiar English structure for this phrase (“I…have never neglected a command of yours”), the translation here (“never have I neglected a command of yours”) better represents the word order in Greek (οὐδέποτε ἐντολήν σου παρῆλθον; oudepote entolēn sou parēlthon). Fronting “never” (οὐδέποτε; oudepote) here gives it emphasis, reflecting the exasperation of the oldest son about what he perceived as unappreciated obedience.

have been serving
The English phrase “I have been serving” is used to translate δουλεύω (douleuo), the verbal form of the noun δούλος (doulos) normally translated as “slave” throughout the New Testament. A rendering as “I have been slaving,” however, does not provide a smooth English reading. Thus, the translation as “serving” was chosen for this context.

 
30

But when this son of yours came, who has devoured your wealth with prostitutes, you killed the fattened calf for him.’

ὅτε δὲ ὁ υἱός σου οὗτος ὁ καταφαγών σου τὸν βίον μετὰ πορνῶν ἦλθεν, ἔθυσας αὐτῷ τὸν σιτευτὸν μόσχον.

 
31

And he said to him, ‘Child, you are always with me, and all that is mine is yours.

ὁ δὲ εἶπεν αὐτῷ· Τέκνον, σὺ πάντοτε μετʼ ἐμοῦ εἶ, καὶ πάντα τὰ ἐμὰ σά ἐστιν·

 
32

But we had to celebrate and rejoice, for this brother of yours was dead and is alive, and was lost and has been found.’

εὐφρανθῆναι δὲ καὶ χαρῆναι ἔδει, ὅτι ὁ ἀδελφός σου οὗτος νεκρὸς ἦν καὶ ἔζησεν, καὶ ἀπολωλὼς καὶ εὑρέθη.

is alive
The translation “is alive” represents the aorist Greek verb ζάω (zaō), which, as an aorist, active, indicative verb (as it is here) usually communicates the idea of resurrection (see Rom 14:9; Rev 2:8; 13:14; 20:4, 5). Thus, it is usually translated as “live again” (Rom 14:9), “come to life” (Rev 2:8; 13:14; 20:5), or “came to life” (Rev 20:4). Here it is translated simply “is alive” to avoid confusion with another verb ἀναζάω (anazaō; from ἀνα- [ana-; “again”] and ζάω [zaō; “live”]) used earlier in v. 24 and translated as “come to life again.” Thus, the distinction between the two words in this passage is preserved, and the resurrection overtones certainly remain as well, since the father specifically said the son “was dead” but now he “is alive.”

 
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The Hebrew Old Testament is taken from the Unicode/XML Westminster Leningrad Codex
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Transcribed to Unicode/XML by Christopher V. Kimball, Publisher (Tanach.us Inc.)
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The Greek New Testament is taken from the Society of Biblical Literature Greek New Testament
Edited by Michael W. Holmes
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