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Legacy Standard Bible Translation Notes
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NOTES

BIBLE

Luke 6

1

Now it happened that on a Sabbath He was passing through some grainfields, and His disciples were picking and eating the heads of grain, rubbing them in their hands.

Ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν σαββάτῳ διαπορεύεσθαι αὐτὸν διὰ σπορίμων, καὶ ἔτιλλον οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ καὶ ἤσθιον τοὺς στάχυας ψώχοντες ταῖς χερσίν.

on a Sabbath
In Greek, the timing of this event (i.e., “on a Sabbath”) is placed before the action verb (“He was passing through”) in this sentence (ἐν σαββάτῳ διαπορεύεσθαι αὐτὸν; en sabbatō diaporeuesthai auton). The translation here reflects that. By placing this at the front of the sentence, Luke is placing greater emphasis on the fact that this was happening on a Sabbath, leading up to the important conclusion that Jesus, the Son of Man, is Lord of the Sabbath (cf. v. 5).

 
2

But some of the Pharisees said, “Why do you do what is not lawful on the Sabbath?”

τινὲς δὲ τῶν Φαρισαίων εἶπαν· Τί ποιεῖτε ὃ οὐκ ἔξεστιν τοῖς σάββασιν;

 
3

And Jesus answered and said to them, “Have you never read what David did when he was hungry, he and those who were with him,

καὶ ἀποκριθεὶς πρὸς αὐτοὺς εἶπεν ὁ Ἰησοῦς· Οὐδὲ τοῦτο ἀνέγνωτε ὃ ἐποίησεν Δαυὶδ ὁπότε ἐπείνασεν αὐτὸς καὶ οἱ μετʼ αὐτοῦ ὄντες;

Have you never read
It was common for Jesus to ask, “Have you not read…” (οὐκ ἀνέγνωτε; ouk anegnōte; cf. Matt 12:3, 15; 19:4; 22:31; Mark 12:26). Here, the question is slightly intensified with the use of the negative particle οὐδὲ (oude) rather than just οὐκ (ouk). The force of this is brought out in the translation, “Have you never read.” This is a serious accusation brought against the Pharisees, who were experts in the Old Testament Scriptures, and surely knew the story. Jesus is pointing out that they are acting in this situation as though they had never read this common Old Testament account, since if they had read it, they would not have condemned what Jesus’ disciples were doing on the Sabbath.

 
4

how he entered the house of God, and took and ate the consecrated bread which is not lawful for any to eat except the priests alone, and gave it to his companions?”

ὡς εἰσῆλθεν εἰς τὸν οἶκον τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς προθέσεως λαβὼν ἔφαγεν καὶ ἔδωκεν τοῖς μετʼ αὐτοῦ, οὓς οὐκ ἔξεστιν φαγεῖν εἰ μὴ μόνους τοὺς ἱερεῖς;

 
5

And He was saying to them, “The Son of Man is Lord of the Sabbath.”

καὶ ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς· Κύριός ἐστιν τοῦ σαββάτου ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου.

 
6

Now it happened that on another Sabbath He entered the synagogue and was teaching; and there was a man there whose right hand was withered.

Ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν ἑτέρῳ σαββάτῳ εἰσελθεῖν αὐτὸν εἰς τὴν συναγωγὴν καὶ διδάσκειν· καὶ ἦν ἄνθρωπος ἐκεῖ καὶ ἡ χεὶρ αὐτοῦ ἡ δεξιὰ ἦν ξηρά·

 
7

And the scribes and the Pharisees were watching Him closely to see if He heals on the Sabbath, so that they might find reason to accuse Him.

παρετηροῦντο δὲ οἱ γραμματεῖς καὶ οἱ Φαρισαῖοι εἰ ἐν τῷ σαββάτῳ θεραπεύει, ἵνα εὕρωσιν κατηγορεῖν αὐτοῦ.

 
8

But He knew what they were thinking, and He said to the man with the withered hand, “Get up and come forward!” And he stood up and came forward.

αὐτὸς δὲ ᾔδει τοὺς διαλογισμοὺς αὐτῶν, εἶπεν δὲ τῷ ἀνδρὶ τῷ ξηρὰν ἔχοντι τὴν χεῖρα· Ἔγειρε καὶ στῆθι εἰς τὸ μέσον· καὶ ἀναστὰς ἔστη.

 
9

And Jesus said to them, “I ask you, is it lawful to do good or to do harm on the Sabbath, to save a life or to destroy it?”

εἶπεν δὲ ὁ Ἰησοῦς πρὸς αὐτούς· Ἐπερωτῶ ὑμᾶς, εἰ ἔξεστιν τῷ σαββάτῳ ἀγαθοποιῆσαι ἢ κακοποιῆσαι, ψυχὴν σῶσαι ἢ ἀπολέσαι;

 
10

And after looking around at them all, He said to him, “Stretch out your hand!” And he did so, and his hand was restored.

καὶ περιβλεψάμενος πάντας αὐτοὺς εἶπεν αὐτῷ· Ἔκτεινον τὴν χεῖρά σου· ὁ δὲ ἐποίησεν, καὶ ἀπεκατεστάθη ἡ χεὶρ αὐτοῦ.

 
11

But they themselves were filled with rage, and were discussing together what they might do to Jesus.

αὐτοὶ δὲ ἐπλήσθησαν ἀνοίας, καὶ διελάλουν πρὸς ἀλλήλους τί ἂν ποιήσαιεν τῷ Ἰησοῦ.

 
12

Now it happened that at this time He went off to the mountain to pray, and He was spending the whole night in prayer to God.

Ἐγένετο δὲ ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ταύταις ἐξελθεῖν αὐτὸν εἰς τὸ ὄρος προσεύξασθαι, καὶ ἦν διανυκτερεύων ἐν τῇ προσευχῇ τοῦ θεοῦ.

 
13

And when day came, He called His disciples to Him and chose twelve of them, whom He also named as apostles:

καὶ ὅτε ἐγένετο ἡμέρα, προσεφώνησεν τοὺς μαθητὰς αὐτοῦ, καὶ ἐκλεξάμενος ἀπʼ αὐτῶν δώδεκα, οὓς καὶ ἀποστόλους ὠνόμασεν,

 
14

Simon, whom He also named Peter, and Andrew his brother; and James and John; and Philip and Bartholomew;

Σίμωνα ὃν καὶ ὠνόμασεν Πέτρον καὶ Ἀνδρέαν τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ καὶ Ἰάκωβον καὶ Ἰωάννην καὶ Φίλιππον καὶ Βαρθολομαῖον

 
15

and Matthew and Thomas; James the son of Alphaeus, and Simon who was called the Zealot;

καὶ Μαθθαῖον καὶ Θωμᾶν καὶ Ἰάκωβον Ἁλφαίου καὶ Σίμωνα τὸν καλούμενον Ζηλωτὴν

 
16

Judas the son of James, and Judas Iscariot, who became a traitor.

καὶ Ἰούδαν Ἰακώβου καὶ Ἰούδαν Ἰσκαριὼθ ὃς ἐγένετο προδότης.

 
17

And Jesus came down with them and stood on a level place; and there was a large crowd of His disciples, and a great multitude of people from all Judea and Jerusalem and the coastal region of Tyre and Sidon,

Καὶ καταβὰς μετʼ αὐτῶν ἔστη ἐπὶ τόπου πεδινοῦ, καὶ ὄχλος πολὺς μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ, καὶ πλῆθος πολὺ τοῦ λαοῦ ἀπὸ πάσης τῆς Ἰουδαίας καὶ Ἰερουσαλὴμ καὶ τῆς παραλίου Τύρου καὶ Σιδῶνος,

 
18

who had come to hear Him and to be healed of their diseases; and those who were troubled with unclean spirits were being cured.

οἳ ἦλθον ἀκοῦσαι αὐτοῦ καὶ ἰαθῆναι ἀπὸ τῶν νόσων αὐτῶν· καὶ οἱ ἐνοχλούμενοι ἀπὸ πνευμάτων ἀκαθάρτων ἐθεραπεύοντο·

 
19

And all the crowd was trying to touch Him, for power was coming from Him and healing them all.

καὶ πᾶς ὁ ὄχλος ἐζήτουν ἅπτεσθαι αὐτοῦ, ὅτι δύναμις παρʼ αὐτοῦ ἐξήρχετο καὶ ἰᾶτο πάντας.

 
20

And turning His gaze toward His disciples, He began to say,
“Blessed are the poor, for yours is the kingdom of God.

Καὶ αὐτὸς ἐπάρας τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτοῦ εἰς τοὺς μαθητὰς αὐτοῦ ἔλεγεν·
Μακάριοι οἱ πτωχοί, ὅτι ὑμετέρα ἐστὶν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ.

are
The italicized verb “are” is supplied because the sentence is a verbless clause in Greek. However, even though verbless clauses in Greek usually translate sentences with “to be” verbs in English, the choice to translate as a modal (e.g., “Blessed be”) is grammatically possible. This latter option, though grammatically possible, is eliminated by the context. Thus, utilizing interpretive italics here helps to convey the original intent to the English reader. In this instance, those who are poor are those who are blessed.

 
21

Blessed are those who hunger now, for you shall be satisfied.
Blessed are those who cry now, for you shall laugh.

μακάριοι οἱ πεινῶντες νῦν, ὅτι χορτασθήσεσθε.
μακάριοι οἱ κλαίοντες νῦν, ὅτι γελάσετε.

are
Refer to the discussion on verse 20 above.

 
22

Blessed are you when men hate you, and exclude you, and insult you, and scorn your name as evil, for the sake of the Son of Man.

Μακάριοί ἐστε ὅταν μισήσωσιν ὑμᾶς οἱ ἄνθρωποι, καὶ ὅταν ἀφορίσωσιν ὑμᾶς καὶ ὀνειδίσωσιν καὶ ἐκβάλωσιν τὸ ὄνομα ὑμῶν ὡς πονηρὸν ἕνεκα τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου·

exclude
The Greek word ἀφορίζω (aphorizō) is translated “exclude” here rather than “ostracize” for a slightly closer conformity to the meaning of the Greek word. This verb usually denotes the idea of distinctly “separating” or “setting apart” a person or group of people (e.g., for specific judgement [Matt 25:32]; for a specific service [Acts 13:2]; for a specific calling [Rom 1:1; Gal 1:15]). Thus, ἀφορίζω (aphorizō) is more neutral and can be used to communicate something positive or negative. Because “ostracize” is primarily negative, “exclude” is a closer translation of the term and allows context to determine whether it should be seen in a positive or negative light. Here, it may be both, as Jesus explains that something perceived as negative is actually a blessing. His true disciples will be separated by worldly people into a distinct group of those who are considered worthy of hatred, insult, and scorn. Jesus’ followers are blessed when people “exclude” them from this worldly group, for it shows that they are distinctly set apart as God’s chosen ones. From a human standpoint, it may seem unfavorable to be so excluded, but in God’s economy, it is a true blessing not to be associated with this group.

are
In the previous Lukan beatitudes (vv. 20–21), the word “are” was provided in italics because no being verb is found in the Greek. Here, however, the Greek verb εἰμί (eimi) is included in the clause (Μακάριοί ἐστε; Makarioi este). Using italics in the previous verses and normal formatting here helps the reader to see the nuance of the Greek text in English. Previously, Jesus was identifying classes of people (“the poor,” “those who hunger,” “those who cry”). Here, Jesus extends the blessing directly to His hearers (“Blessed are you”), a construction which requires the εἰμί (eimi) verb in Greek.

 
23

Be glad in that day and leap for joy, for behold, your reward is great in heaven. For their fathers were doing the same things to the prophets.

χάρητε ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ καὶ σκιρτήσατε, ἰδοὺ γὰρ ὁ μισθὸς ὑμῶν πολὺς ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ· κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ γὰρ ἐποίουν τοῖς προφήταις οἱ πατέρες αὐτῶν.

were doing the same things
This translation, “were doing the same things,” brings out both the imperfect tense of the Greek verb ἐποίουν (epoioun; from ποιέω [poieō]), which conveys continual, ongoing, or repeated action, and the plural number of its object (τὰ αὐτὰ; ta auta; “the same things”). This refers to the continual derision and mistreatment in the same variety of ways (cf. v. 22—excluding, insulting, scorning) the unfaithful Israelites directed toward the prophets of old.

 
24

But woe to you who are rich, for you are receiving your comfort in full.

πλὴν οὐαὶ ὑμῖν τοῖς πλουσίοις, ὅτι ἀπέχετε τὴν παράκλησιν ὑμῶν.

 
25

Woe to you who are well-fed now, for you shall be hungry.
Woe to you who laugh now, for you shall mourn and cry.

οὐαὶ ὑμῖν, οἱ ἐμπεπλησμένοι νῦν, ὅτι πεινάσετε.
οὐαί, οἱ γελῶντες νῦν, ὅτι πενθήσετε καὶ κλαύσετε.

 
26

Woe to you when all men speak well of you, for their fathers were doing the same things to the false prophets.

Οὐαὶ ὅταν καλῶς ὑμᾶς εἴπωσιν πάντες οἱ ἄνθρωποι, κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ γὰρ ἐποίουν τοῖς ψευδοπροφήταις οἱ πατέρες αὐτῶν.

 
27

“But I say to you who hear, love your enemies, do good to those who hate you,

Ἀλλὰ ὑμῖν λέγω τοῖς ἀκούουσιν, ἀγαπᾶτε τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ὑμῶν, καλῶς ποιεῖτε τοῖς μισοῦσιν ὑμᾶς,

 
28

bless those who curse you, pray for those who disparage you.

εὐλογεῖτε τοὺς καταρωμένους ὑμᾶς, προσεύχεσθε περὶ τῶν ἐπηρεαζόντων ὑμᾶς.

disparage
The verb ἐπηρεάζω (epēreazō) only occurs twice in the New Testament—here and in 1 Peter 3:16. Translating it consistently as “disparage” helps the reader to notice that Peter makes a series of allusions to the logic of Luke 6:28–33.

 
29

Whoever hits you on the cheek, offer him the other also; and whoever takes away your garment, do not withhold your tunic from him either.

τῷ τύπτοντί σε ἐπὶ τὴν σιαγόνα πάρεχε καὶ τὴν ἄλλην, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ αἴροντός σου τὸ ἱμάτιον καὶ τὸν χιτῶνα μὴ κωλύσῃς.

 
30

Give to everyone who asks of you, and whoever takes away what is yours, do not demand it back.

παντὶ αἰτοῦντί σε δίδου, καὶ ἀπὸ τοῦ αἴροντος τὰ σὰ μὴ ἀπαίτει.

 
31

And treat others the same way you want them to treat you.

καὶ καθὼς θέλετε ἵνα ποιῶσιν ὑμῖν οἱ ἄνθρωποι, ποιεῖτε αὐτοῖς ὁμοίως.

 
32

And if you love those who love you, what credit is that to you? For even sinners love those who love them.

Καὶ εἰ ἀγαπᾶτε τοὺς ἀγαπῶντας ὑμᾶς, ποία ὑμῖν χάρις ἐστίν; καὶ γὰρ οἱ ἁμαρτωλοὶ τοὺς ἀγαπῶντας αὐτοὺς ἀγαπῶσιν.

 
33

And if you do good to those who do good to you, what credit is that to you? For even sinners do the same.

καὶ ἐὰν ἀγαθοποιῆτε τοὺς ἀγαθοποιοῦντας ὑμᾶς, ποία ὑμῖν χάρις ἐστίν; καὶ οἱ ἁμαρτωλοὶ τὸ αὐτὸ ποιοῦσιν.

 
34

And if you lend to those from whom you expect to receive, what credit is that to you? Even sinners lend to sinners in order to receive back the same amount.

καὶ ἐὰν δανίσητε παρʼ ὧν ἐλπίζετε λαβεῖν, ποία ὑμῖν χάρις ἐστίν; καὶ ἁμαρτωλοὶ ἁμαρτωλοῖς δανίζουσιν ἵνα ἀπολάβωσιν τὰ ἴσα.

 
35

But love your enemies, and do good, and lend, expecting nothing in return; and your reward will be great, and you will be sons of the Most High; for He Himself is kind to the ungrateful and evil.

πλὴν ἀγαπᾶτε τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ὑμῶν καὶ ἀγαθοποιεῖτε καὶ δανίζετε μηδὲν ἀπελπίζοντες· καὶ ἔσται ὁ μισθὸς ὑμῶν πολύς, καὶ ἔσεσθε υἱοὶ Ὑψίστου, ὅτι αὐτὸς χρηστός ἐστιν ἐπὶ τοὺς ἀχαρίστους καὶ πονηρούς.

 
36

Be merciful, just as your Father is merciful.

γίνεσθε οἰκτίρμονες καθὼς ὁ πατὴρ ὑμῶν οἰκτίρμων ἐστίν·

 
37

“And do not judge, and you will not be judged; and do not condemn, and you will not be condemned; pardon, and you will be pardoned.

Καὶ μὴ κρίνετε, καὶ οὐ μὴ κριθῆτε· καὶ μὴ καταδικάζετε, καὶ οὐ μὴ καταδικασθῆτε. ἀπολύετε, καὶ ἀπολυθήσεσθε·

 
38

Give, and it will be given to you. They will pour into your lap a good measure⁠—pressed down, shaken together, running over. For by your standard of measure it will be measured to you in return.”

δίδοτε, καὶ δοθήσεται ὑμῖν· μέτρον καλὸν πεπιεσμένον σεσαλευμένον ὑπερεκχυννόμενον δώσουσιν εἰς τὸν κόλπον ὑμῶν· ᾧ γὰρ μέτρῳ μετρεῖτε ἀντιμετρηθήσεται ὑμῖν.

 
39

And He also spoke a parable to them: “Can a blind man guide a blind man? Will they not both fall into a pit?

Εἶπεν δὲ καὶ παραβολὴν αὐτοῖς· Μήτι δύναται τυφλὸς τυφλὸν ὁδηγεῖν; οὐχὶ ἀμφότεροι εἰς βόθυνον ἐμπεσοῦνται;

 
40

A student is not above his teacher; but everyone, after he has been fully trained, will be like his teacher.

οὐκ ἔστιν μαθητὴς ὑπὲρ τὸν διδάσκαλον, κατηρτισμένος δὲ πᾶς ἔσται ὡς ὁ διδάσκαλος αὐτοῦ.

 
41

And why do you look at the speck that is in your brother’s eye, but do not notice the log that is in your own eye?

τί δὲ βλέπεις τὸ κάρφος τὸ ἐν τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου, τὴν δὲ δοκὸν τὴν ἐν τῷ ἰδίῳ ὀφθαλμῷ οὐ κατανοεῖς;

 
42

How can you say to your brother, ‘Brother, let me take out the speck that is in your eye,’ when you yourself do not see the log that is in your own eye? You hypocrite, first take the log out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to take out the speck that is in your brother’s eye.

πῶς δύνασαι λέγειν τῷ ἀδελφῷ σου· Ἀδελφέ, ἄφες ἐκβάλω τὸ κάρφος τὸ ἐν τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ σου, αὐτὸς τὴν ἐν τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ σοῦ δοκὸν οὐ βλέπων; ὑποκριτά, ἔκβαλε πρῶτον τὴν δοκὸν ἐκ τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ σοῦ, καὶ τότε διαβλέψεις τὸ κάρφος τὸ ἐν τῷ ὀφθαλμῷ τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ σου ἐκβαλεῖν.

 
43

For there is no good tree which produces bad fruit, nor, on the other hand, a bad tree which produces good fruit.

Οὐ γάρ ἐστιν δένδρον καλὸν ποιοῦν καρπὸν σαπρόν, οὐδὲ πάλιν δένδρον σαπρὸν ποιοῦν καρπὸν καλόν.

 
44

For each tree is known by its own fruit. For men do not gather figs from thorns, nor do they pick grapes from a bramble bush.

ἕκαστον γὰρ δένδρον ἐκ τοῦ ἰδίου καρποῦ γινώσκεται· οὐ γὰρ ἐξ ἀκανθῶν συλλέγουσιν σῦκα, οὐδὲ ἐκ βάτου σταφυλὴν τρυγῶσιν.

 
45

The good man out of the good treasure of his heart brings forth what is good; and the evil man out of the evil treasure brings forth what is evil. For his mouth speaks from the abundance of his heart.

ὁ ἀγαθὸς ἄνθρωπος ἐκ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ θησαυροῦ τῆς καρδίας αὐτοῦ προφέρει τὸ ἀγαθόν, καὶ ὁ πονηρὸς ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ προφέρει τὸ πονηρόν· ἐκ γὰρ περισσεύματος καρδίας λαλεῖ τὸ στόμα αὐτοῦ.

 
46

“Now why do you call Me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ and do not do what I say?

Τί δέ με καλεῖτε· Κύριε κύριε, καὶ οὐ ποιεῖτε ἃ λέγω;

 
47

Everyone who comes to Me and hears My words and does them, I will show you whom he is like:

πᾶς ὁ ἐρχόμενος πρός με καὶ ἀκούων μου τῶν λόγων καὶ ποιῶν αὐτούς, ὑποδείξω ὑμῖν τίνι ἐστὶν ὅμοιος·

does
The verb “does” is an accurate literal translation of the verb ποιέω (poieō). Jesus taught consistently that His true disciples must be both “hearers” and “doers” of His Word (cf. James 1:22–25).

 
48

he is like a man building a house, who dug and went deep, and laid a foundation on the rock; and when a flood occurred, the river burst against that house and could not shake it, because it had been well built.

ὅμοιός ἐστιν ἀνθρώπῳ οἰκοδομοῦντι οἰκίαν ὃς ἔσκαψεν καὶ ἐβάθυνεν καὶ ἔθηκεν θεμέλιον ἐπὶ τὴν πέτραν· πλημμύρης δὲ γενομένης προσέρηξεν ὁ ποταμὸς τῇ οἰκίᾳ ἐκείνῃ, καὶ οὐκ ἴσχυσεν σαλεῦσαι αὐτὴν διὰ τὸ καλῶς οἰκοδομῆσθαι αὐτήν.

river
While some translations have “stream” or “torrent” here, this is the simply the general term for “river” (ποταμός; potamos), rendered consistently as such in this translation. The idea here is of moving waters which could easily sweep away a house without a strong foundation but could never move a house founded on bedrock (cf. Matt 7:24–27).

 
49

But the one who heard and did not do accordingly, is like a man who built a house on the ground without any foundation; and the

ὁ δὲ ἀκούσας καὶ μὴ ποιήσας ὅμοιός ἐστιν ἀνθρώπῳ οἰκοδομήσαντι οἰκίαν ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν χωρὶς θεμελίου, ᾗ προσέρηξεν ὁ ποταμός, καὶ εὐθὺς συνέπεσεν, καὶ ἐγένετο τὸ ῥῆγμα τῆς οἰκίας ἐκείνης μέγα.

river
Refer to the discussion on verse 48 above.

 
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