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Legacy Standard Bible Translation Notes
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NOTES

BIBLE

Acts 27

1

Now when it was decided that we would sail for Italy, they proceeded to deliver Paul and some other prisoners to a centurion of the Augustan cohort named Julius.

Ὡς δὲ ἐκρίθη τοῦ ἀποπλεῖν ἡμᾶς εἰς τὴν Ἰταλίαν, παρεδίδουν τόν τε Παῦλον καί τινας ἑτέρους δεσμώτας ἑκατοντάρχῃ ὀνόματι Ἰουλίῳ σπείρης Σεβαστῆς.

 
2

And getting aboard an Adramyttian ship, which was about to sail to the regions along the coast of Asia, we set sail accompanied by Aristarchus, a Macedonian of Thessalonica.

ἐπιβάντες δὲ πλοίῳ Ἀδραμυττηνῷ μέλλοντι πλεῖν εἰς τοὺς κατὰ τὴν Ἀσίαν τόπους ἀνήχθημεν ὄντος σὺν ἡμῖν Ἀριστάρχου Μακεδόνος Θεσσαλονικέως·

 
3

The next day we put in at Sidon, and Julius treated Paul with consideration and allowed him to go to his friends and receive care.

τῇ τε ἑτέρᾳ κατήχθημεν εἰς Σιδῶνα, φιλανθρώπως τε ὁ Ἰούλιος τῷ Παύλῳ χρησάμενος ἐπέτρεψεν πρὸς τοὺς φίλους πορευθέντι ἐπιμελείας τυχεῖν.

 
4

And from there we set sail and sailed under the shelter of Cyprus because the winds were against us.

κἀκεῖθεν ἀναχθέντες ὑπεπλεύσαμεν τὴν Κύπρον διὰ τὸ τοὺς ἀνέμους εἶναι ἐναντίους,

 
5

And when we had sailed through the sea along the coast of Cilicia and Pamphylia, we landed at Myra in Lycia.

τό τε πέλαγος τὸ κατὰ τὴν Κιλικίαν καὶ Παμφυλίαν διαπλεύσαντες κατήλθομεν εἰς Μύρα τῆς Λυκίας.

 
6

There the centurion found an Alexandrian ship sailing for Italy, and he put us aboard it.

κἀκεῖ εὑρὼν ὁ ἑκατοντάρχης πλοῖον Ἀλεξανδρῖνον πλέον εἰς τὴν Ἰταλίαν ἐνεβίβασεν ἡμᾶς εἰς αὐτό.

 
7

And when we had sailed slowly for a good many days, and with difficulty had arrived off Cnidus, since the wind did not permit us to go farther, we sailed under the shelter of Crete, off Salmone;

ἐν ἱκαναῖς δὲ ἡμέραις βραδυπλοοῦντες καὶ μόλις γενόμενοι κατὰ τὴν Κνίδον, μὴ προσεῶντος ἡμᾶς τοῦ ἀνέμου, ὑπεπλεύσαμεν τὴν Κρήτην κατὰ Σαλμώνην,

 
8

and with difficulty, we sailed past it and came to a place called Fair Havens, near which was the city of Lasea.

μόλις τε παραλεγόμενοι αὐτὴν ἤλθομεν εἰς τόπον τινὰ καλούμενον Καλοὺς Λιμένας ᾧ ἐγγὺς ἦν πόλις Λασαία.

 
9

And when considerable time had passed and the voyage was now dangerous, since even the Fast was already over, Paul began to advise them,

Ἱκανοῦ δὲ χρόνου διαγενομένου καὶ ὄντος ἤδη ἐπισφαλοῦς τοῦ πλοὸς διὰ τὸ καὶ τὴν νηστείαν ἤδη παρεληλυθέναι, παρῄνει ὁ Παῦλος

Fast
“Fast” is capitalized here to signal that it was a definite and well-known event which Luke had in mind—the Day of Atonement. Thus, as a stand-in for this significant day, “Fast” is treated as a proper noun.

advise
“Advise” is a helpful and accurate translation of παραινέω (paraineō; “advise,” “exhort,” “counsel,” “recommend”) in this chapter. It helps to emphasize Paul’s counsel as well as his leadership and influence during the voyage. This word appears again in verse 22, forming an inclusio around this section where his advising demonstrates the legitimacy of his leadership even over that of the “experts” aboard the ship.

 
10

and said to them, “Men, I perceive that the voyage will certainly be with damage and great loss, not only of the cargo and the ship, but also of our lives.”

λέγων αὐτοῖς· Ἄνδρες, θεωρῶ ὅτι μετὰ ὕβρεως καὶ πολλῆς ζημίας οὐ μόνον τοῦ φορτίου καὶ τοῦ πλοίου ἀλλὰ καὶ τῶν ψυχῶν ἡμῶν μέλλειν ἔσεσθαι τὸν πλοῦν.

 
11

But the centurion was being more persuaded by the pilot and the captain of the ship than by what was being said by Paul.

ὁ δὲ ἑκατοντάρχης τῷ κυβερνήτῃ καὶ τῷ ναυκλήρῳ μᾶλλον ἐπείθετο ἢ τοῖς ὑπὸ Παύλου λεγομένοις.

 
12

And because the harbor was not suitable for wintering, the majority reached a decision to set sail from there, if somehow they could arrive at Phoenix, a harbor of Crete facing southwest and northwest, to spend the winter there.

ἀνευθέτου δὲ τοῦ λιμένος ὑπάρχοντος πρὸς παραχειμασίαν οἱ πλείονες ἔθεντο βουλὴν ἀναχθῆναι ἐκεῖθεν, εἴ πως δύναιντο καταντήσαντες εἰς Φοίνικα παραχειμάσαι, λιμένα τῆς Κρήτης βλέποντα κατὰ λίβα καὶ κατὰ χῶρον.

 
13

And when a moderate south wind came up, thinking that they had attained their purpose, they weighed anchor and began sailing along the shore of Crete.

Ὑποπνεύσαντος δὲ νότου δόξαντες τῆς προθέσεως κεκρατηκέναι ἄραντες ἆσσον παρελέγοντο τὴν Κρήτην.

the shore
There are certain instances where dynamic equivalence (clearly conveying what the text means) is more helpful than formal equivalence (strict literalness) in translation. An example of this is seen here, where the Greek adverb ἆσσον (asson), which literally means “closer” is translated as “the shore.” A strict literal translation here would be “sailing along closer Crete.” Using “the shore of Crete” helps more clearly bring out exactly what Luke had in mind. This way, readers get a clear idea of a nautical journey without confusion, which is Luke’s intention in this section of the narrative.

 
14

But before very long there rushed down from the land a violent wind, called Euraquilo;

μετʼ οὐ πολὺ δὲ ἔβαλεν κατʼ αὐτῆς ἄνεμος τυφωνικὸς ὁ καλούμενος Εὐρακύλων·

 
15

and when the ship was caught in it and could not face the wind, we gave way to it and let ourselves be carried along.

συναρπασθέντος δὲ τοῦ πλοίου καὶ μὴ δυναμένου ἀντοφθαλμεῖν τῷ ἀνέμῳ ἐπιδόντες ἐφερόμεθα.

 
16

And running under the shelter of a small island called Clauda, we were scarcely able to get the ship’s boat under control.

νησίον δέ τι ὑποδραμόντες καλούμενον Καῦδα ἰσχύσαμεν μόλις περικρατεῖς γενέσθαι τῆς σκάφης,

 
17

After they had hoisted it up, they used supporting cables in undergirding the ship. Fearing that they might run aground on the shallows of Syrtis, they let down the sea anchor and in this way let themselves be carried along.

ἣν ἄραντες βοηθείαις ἐχρῶντο ὑποζωννύντες τὸ πλοῖον· φοβούμενοί τε μὴ εἰς τὴν Σύρτιν ἐκπέσωσιν, χαλάσαντες τὸ σκεῦος, οὕτως ἐφέροντο.

 
18

And the next day as we were being violently storm-tossed, they began to jettison the cargo;

σφοδρῶς δὲ χειμαζομένων ἡμῶν τῇ ἑξῆς ἐκβολὴν ἐποιοῦντο,

 
19

and on the third day they cast the ship’s tackle overboard with their own hands.

καὶ τῇ τρίτῃ αὐτόχειρες τὴν σκευὴν τοῦ πλοίου ἔρριψαν.

 
20

And since neither sun nor stars appeared for many days, and no small storm was assailing us, from then on all hope of our being saved was gradually abandoned.

μήτε δὲ ἡλίου μήτε ἄστρων ἐπιφαινόντων ἐπὶ πλείονας ἡμέρας, χειμῶνός τε οὐκ ὀλίγου ἐπικειμένου, λοιπὸν περιῃρεῖτο ἐλπὶς πᾶσα τοῦ σῴζεσθαι ἡμᾶς.

no small
Luke often employs a rhetorical device called litotes in which something is emphasized by negating the opposite. For example, here, he indicates a great storm by saying “no small [οὐκ ὀλίγου; ouk oligou] storm.” By saying it this way, Luke puts greater emphasis on the significance of this storm. It was extremely dangerous, such that they were even losing hope of being saved at all. This translation renders the litotes literally, giving a clear window to the Greek wording and preserving Luke’s intended emphasis and characteristic style.

 
21

And when they had gone a long time without food, then Paul stood up in their midst and said, “Men, you ought to have followed my advice to not set sail from Crete and to avoid this damage and loss.

Πολλῆς τε ἀσιτίας ὑπαρχούσης τότε σταθεὶς ὁ Παῦλος ἐν μέσῳ αὐτῶν εἶπεν· Ἔδει μέν, ὦ ἄνδρες, πειθαρχήσαντάς μοι μὴ ἀνάγεσθαι ἀπὸ τῆς Κρήτης κερδῆσαί τε τὴν ὕβριν ταύτην καὶ τὴν ζημίαν.

without food
The Greek word translated “without food” here is ἀσιτία (asitia), which is indeed most literally translated as “without food,” but by nuance has more to do with the lack of appetite (not wanting to eat) than fasting (purposefully choosing not to eat). Thus, a footnote is added here to point out that their going “without food” was not because they were fasting and praying, nor because they had run out, but because of loss of appetite due to the distress of their situation at sea. This extreme discouragement is what Paul sought to remedy through relaying what an angel of God told him that night (vv. 22ff).

 
22

And now I advise you to be cheerful, for there will be no loss of life among you, but only of the ship.

καὶ τὰ νῦν παραινῶ ὑμᾶς εὐθυμεῖν, ἀποβολὴ γὰρ ψυχῆς οὐδεμία ἔσται ἐξ ὑμῶν πλὴν τοῦ πλοίου·

 
23

For this very night an angel of the God to whom I belong and whom I serve stood before me,

παρέστη γάρ μοι ταύτῃ τῇ νυκτὶ τοῦ θεοῦ, οὗ εἰμι, ᾧ καὶ λατρεύω, ἄγγελος

 
24

saying, ‘Do not be afraid, Paul; you must stand before Caesar; and behold, God has granted you all those who are sailing with you.’

λέγων· Μὴ φοβοῦ, Παῦλε· Καίσαρί σε δεῖ παραστῆναι, καὶ ἰδοὺ κεχάρισταί σοι ὁ θεὸς πάντας τοὺς πλέοντας μετὰ σοῦ.

 
25

Therefore, be cheerful, men, for I believe God that it will turn out exactly as I have been told.

διὸ εὐθυμεῖτε, ἄνδρες· πιστεύω γὰρ τῷ θεῷ ὅτι οὕτως ἔσται καθʼ ὃν τρόπον λελάληταί μοι.

 
26

But we must run aground on some island.”

εἰς νῆσον δέ τινα δεῖ ἡμᾶς ἐκπεσεῖν.

some
While some translations have “a certain” island here, the word used (τινα; tina) signifies indefiniteness, viz., something that is not specific. Thus, “some” carries the idea better. They would only later learn exactly which island it was (cf. 18:1). Paul’s explanation of it as “some” island emphasized their total disorientation because of being driven around by the storm. Since Paul was revealing information given him directly by God, this also enforces that though they did not know details of their bearings, God did. Unaware of where they were, they would be forced to rely totally on His mercy and providence and His direction through His spokesman, Paul.

 
27

But when the fourteenth night came, as we were being carried about in the Adriatic Sea, about midnight the sailors began to suspect that some land was approaching them.

Ὡς δὲ τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτη νὺξ ἐγένετο διαφερομένων ἡμῶν ἐν τῷ Ἀδρίᾳ, κατὰ μέσον τῆς νυκτὸς ὑπενόουν οἱ ναῦται προσάγειν τινὰ αὐτοῖς χώραν.

suspect
The word “suspect” is a straightforward, literal translation of the Greek verb ὑπονοέω (hyponoeō). A translation like “surmise” is slightly too specific, because it communicates forming an idea without any evidence to back it. This sense is not inherent in the Greek word, which rather simply communicates the formulation of an idea or opinion. The translation “suspect” is therefore better in this case, as the experienced sailors seemingly had at least some reason to think that they were nearing land, which would be confirmed by their soundings (v. 28).

 
28

And when they took soundings, they found it to be twenty fathoms; and a little farther on they took another sounding and found it to be fifteen fathoms.

καὶ βολίσαντες εὗρον ὀργυιὰς εἴκοσι, βραχὺ δὲ διαστήσαντες καὶ πάλιν βολίσαντες εὗρον ὀργυιὰς δεκαπέντε·

 
29

And fearing that we might run aground somewhere on the rocks, they cast four anchors from the stern and were praying for daybreak.

φοβούμενοί τε μή που κατὰ τραχεῖς τόπους ἐκπέσωμεν ἐκ πρύμνης ῥίψαντες ἀγκύρας τέσσαρας ηὔχοντο ἡμέραν γενέσθαι.

praying
The word for “praying” here is the verb εὔχομαι (euxomai), which refers to a request made specifically to God, expressing a wish or desire. The translation “pray” carries the idea more clearly than “wish,” as it specifically communicates expressing a wish to God. As even non-Christians will pray when facing significant distress, the sailors’ fear of being shipwrecked at night led them to pray for daybreak.

 
30

But as the sailors were trying to escape from the ship and had let down the ship’s boat into the sea, on the pretense of intending to lay out anchors from the bow,

τῶν δὲ ναυτῶν ζητούντων φυγεῖν ἐκ τοῦ πλοίου καὶ χαλασάντων τὴν σκάφην εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν προφάσει ὡς ἐκ πρῴρης ἀγκύρας μελλόντων ἐκτείνειν,

 
31

Paul said to the centurion and to the soldiers, “Unless these men remain in the ship, you yourselves cannot be saved.”

εἶπεν ὁ Παῦλος τῷ ἑκατοντάρχῃ καὶ τοῖς στρατιώταις· Ἐὰν μὴ οὗτοι μείνωσιν ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ, ὑμεῖς σωθῆναι οὐ δύνασθε.

 
32

Then the soldiers cut away the ropes of the ship’s boat and let it fall away.

τότε ἀπέκοψαν οἱ στρατιῶται τὰ σχοινία τῆς σκάφης καὶ εἴασαν αὐτὴν ἐκπεσεῖν.

 
33

Until the day was about to dawn, Paul was encouraging them all to take some food, saying, “Today is the fourteenth day that you have been constantly watching and going without eating, having taken nothing.

Ἄχρι δὲ οὗ ἡμέρα ἤμελλεν γίνεσθαι παρεκάλει ὁ Παῦλος ἅπαντας μεταλαβεῖν τροφῆς λέγων· Τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτην σήμερον ἡμέραν προσδοκῶντες ἄσιτοι διατελεῖτε, μηθὲν προσλαβόμενοι·

 
34

Therefore I encourage you to take some food, for this is for your salvation, for not a hair from the head of any of you will perish.”

διὸ παρακαλῶ ὑμᾶς μεταλαβεῖν τροφῆς, τοῦτο γὰρ πρὸς τῆς ὑμετέρας σωτηρίας ὑπάρχει· οὐδενὸς γὰρ ὑμῶν θρὶξ ἀπὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς ἀπολεῖται.

salvation
The word used here is the famous New Testament word σωτηρία (sotēria), most often referring to spiritual salvation, though it is sometimes also used for physical salvation (as here). In this sense, it is true that God proves Himself “the Savior of all men, especially of believers” (1 Tim 4:10). His salvation is shown to the unbelieving sailors in His gracious preservation of their physical lives, and is multiplied to extend to eternal life for those who trust in Christ. Thus, God’s preserving grace is shown to be abundant here, in that He not only preserved Paul, but also granted him all who were sailing with him (cf. v. 24).

 
35

And having said these things, he took bread and gave thanks to God in the presence of all. And he broke it and began to eat.

εἴπας δὲ ταῦτα καὶ λαβὼν ἄρτον εὐχαρίστησεν τῷ θεῷ ἐνώπιον πάντων καὶ κλάσας ἤρξατο ἐσθίειν.

 
36

And all of them became cheerful and they themselves also took food.

εὔθυμοι δὲ γενόμενοι πάντες καὶ αὐτοὶ προσελάβοντο τροφῆς.

 
37

And all of us in the ship were 276 persons.

ἤμεθα δὲ αἱ πᾶσαι ψυχαὶ ἐν τῷ πλοίῳ διακόσιαι ἑβδομήκοντα ἕξ.

 
38

And when they had eaten enough, they began to lighten the ship by throwing out the wheat into the sea.

κορεσθέντες δὲ τροφῆς ἐκούφιζον τὸ πλοῖον ἐκβαλλόμενοι τὸν σῖτον εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν.

 
39

Now when day came, they could not recognize the land; but they were noticing a bay with a beach, and they were resolving to drive the ship onto it if they could.

Ὅτε δὲ ἡμέρα ἐγένετο, τὴν γῆν οὐκ ἐπεγίνωσκον, κόλπον δέ τινα κατενόουν ἔχοντα αἰγιαλὸν εἰς ὃν ἐβουλεύοντο εἰ δύναιντο ἐξῶσαι τὸ πλοῖον.

if they could
“Could” translates the Greek verb δύναμαι (dynamai; “can,” “able”) in the optative mood. This same verb and mood were used earlier in verse 12, where the sailors were wishing that “somehow they could arrive at Phoenix,” contrary to Paul’s advice. But by this point, they were resolving to do something based on Paul’s advice “if they could.” This shows how the reliability of Paul’s leadership and advice as a servant of the true God (cf. v. 23) was finally being recognized and respected by those on board the ship.

 
40

And casting off the anchors, they left them in the sea while at the same time they were loosening the ropes of the rudders. And hoisting the foresail to the wind, they were heading for the beach.

καὶ τὰς ἀγκύρας περιελόντες εἴων εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν, ἅμα ἀνέντες τὰς ζευκτηρίας τῶν πηδαλίων, καὶ ἐπάραντες τὸν ἀρτέμωνα τῇ πνεούσῃ κατεῖχον εἰς τὸν αἰγιαλόν.

 
41

But striking a reef where two seas met, they ran the vessel aground; and the bow stuck fast and remained immovable, but the stern began to be broken up by the force of the waves.

περιπεσόντες δὲ εἰς τόπον διθάλασσον ἐπέκειλαν τὴν ναῦν, καὶ ἡ μὲν πρῷρα ἐρείσασα ἔμεινεν ἀσάλευτος, ἡ δὲ πρύμνα ἐλύετο ὑπὸ τῆς βίας.

 
42

Now the soldiers’ plan was to kill the prisoners, so that none of them would swim away and escape;

τῶν δὲ στρατιωτῶν βουλὴ ἐγένετο ἵνα τοὺς δεσμώτας ἀποκτείνωσιν, μή τις ἐκκολυμβήσας διαφύγῃ·

 
43

but the centurion, wanting to bring Paul safely through, kept them from their intention, and ordered that those who could swim should jump overboard first and get to land,

ὁ δὲ ἑκατοντάρχης βουλόμενος διασῶσαι τὸν Παῦλον ἐκώλυσεν αὐτοὺς τοῦ βουλήματος, ἐκέλευσέν τε τοὺς δυναμένους κολυμβᾶν ἀπορίψαντας πρώτους ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν ἐξιέναι,

 
44

and the rest should follow, some on planks, and others on various things from the ship. And so it happened that they all were brought safely to land.

καὶ τοὺς λοιποὺς οὓς μὲν ἐπὶ σανίσιν οὓς δὲ ἐπί τινων τῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ πλοίου· καὶ οὕτως ἐγένετο πάντας διασωθῆναι ἐπὶ τὴν γῆν.

 
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