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Legacy Standard Bible Translation Notes
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NOTES

BIBLE

Acts 12

1

Now about that time Herod the king laid hands on some who belonged to the church in order to harm them.

Κατʼ ἐκεῖνον δὲ τὸν καιρὸν ἐπέβαλεν Ἡρῴδης ὁ βασιλεὺς τὰς χεῖρας κακῶσαί τινας τῶν ἀπὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας.

 
2

And he had James the brother of John put to death with a sword.

ἀνεῖλεν δὲ Ἰάκωβον τὸν ἀδελφὸν Ἰωάννου μαχαίρῃ.

 
3

And when he saw that it pleased the Jews, he proceeded to arrest Peter also. Now it was during the days of Unleavened Bread.

ἰδὼν δὲ ὅτι ἀρεστόν ἐστιν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις προσέθετο συλλαβεῖν καὶ Πέτρον (ἦσαν δὲ ἡμέραι τῶν ἀζύμων),

 
4

When he had seized him, he put him in prison, delivering him to four squads of soldiers to guard him, intending after the Passover to bring him out before the people.

ὃν καὶ πιάσας ἔθετο εἰς φυλακήν, παραδοὺς τέσσαρσιν τετραδίοις στρατιωτῶν φυλάσσειν αὐτόν, βουλόμενος μετὰ τὸ πάσχα ἀναγαγεῖν αὐτὸν τῷ λαῷ.

 
5

So Peter was kept in the prison, but prayer for him was being made fervently by the church to God.

ὁ μὲν οὖν Πέτρος ἐτηρεῖτο ἐν τῇ φυλακῇ· προσευχὴ δὲ ἦν ἐκτενῶς γινομένη ὑπὸ τῆς ἐκκλησίας πρὸς τὸν θεὸν περὶ αὐτοῦ.

 
6

Now on the very night when Herod was about to bring him forward, Peter was sleeping between two soldiers, bound with two chains, and guards in front of the door were watching over the prison.

Ὅτε δὲ ἤμελλεν προαγαγεῖν αὐτὸν ὁ Ἡρῴδης, τῇ νυκτὶ ἐκείνῃ ἦν ὁ Πέτρος κοιμώμενος μεταξὺ δύο στρατιωτῶν δεδεμένος ἁλύσεσιν δυσίν, φύλακές τε πρὸ τῆς θύρας ἐτήρουν τὴν φυλακήν.

 
7

And behold, an angel of the Lord suddenly appeared and a light shone in the cell; and he struck Peter’s side and woke him up, saying, “Rise up quickly.” And his chains fell off his hands.

καὶ ἰδοὺ ἄγγελος κυρίου ἐπέστη, καὶ φῶς ἔλαμψεν ἐν τῷ οἰκήματι· πατάξας δὲ τὴν πλευρὰν τοῦ Πέτρου ἤγειρεν αὐτὸν λέγων· Ἀνάστα ἐν τάχει· καὶ ἐξέπεσαν αὐτοῦ αἱ ἁλύσεις ἐκ τῶν χειρῶν.

 
8

And the angel said to him, “Gird yourself and put on your sandals.” And he did so. And he said to him, “Wrap your garment around yourself and follow me.”

εἶπεν δὲ ὁ ἄγγελος πρὸς αὐτόν· Ζῶσαι καὶ ὑπόδησαι τὰ σανδάλιά σου· ἐποίησεν δὲ οὕτως. καὶ λέγει αὐτῷ· Περιβαλοῦ τὸ ἱμάτιόν σου καὶ ἀκολούθει μοι.

 
9

And he went out and continued to follow, and he did not know that what was being done by the angel was real, but was thinking he was seeing a vision.

καὶ ἐξελθὼν ἠκολούθει, καὶ οὐκ ᾔδει ὅτι ἀληθές ἐστιν τὸ γινόμενον διὰ τοῦ ἀγγέλου, ἐδόκει δὲ ὅραμα βλέπειν.

 
10

And when they had passed the first and second guard posts, they came to the iron gate that leads into the city, which opened for them by itself; and they went out and went along one street, and immediately the angel departed from him.

διελθόντες δὲ πρώτην φυλακὴν καὶ δευτέραν ἦλθαν ἐπὶ τὴν πύλην τὴν σιδηρᾶν τὴν φέρουσαν εἰς τὴν πόλιν, ἥτις αὐτομάτη ἠνοίγη αὐτοῖς, καὶ ἐξελθόντες προῆλθον ῥύμην μίαν, καὶ εὐθέως ἀπέστη ὁ ἄγγελος ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ.

guard posts
The word φυλακή (phylakē) here is translated as “guard posts” rather than simply “guards” because the Greek term more properly conveys the position of the guards rather than the people who are guarding. Thus, this verse does not refer to specific guards assigned to the cell Peter was in (cf. “guards” [φύλακές; phylakes] in v. 6) but rather to the guard posts at the prison itself. The precise translation here helps to bring this clearly into English and accurately portray the author’s intended meaning.

 
11

When Peter came to himself, he said, “Now truly I know that the Lord has sent His angel and rescued me from the hand of Herod and from all that the Jewish people were expecting.”

καὶ ὁ Πέτρος ἐν ἑαυτῷ γενόμενος εἶπεν· Νῦν οἶδα ἀληθῶς ὅτι ἐξαπέστειλεν ὁ κύριος τὸν ἄγγελον αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐξείλατό με ἐκ χειρὸς Ἡρῴδου καὶ πάσης τῆς προσδοκίας τοῦ λαοῦ τῶν Ἰουδαίων.

 
12

And when he realized this, he went to the house of Mary, the mother of John who was also called Mark, where many were gathered together and were praying.

Συνιδών τε ἦλθεν ἐπὶ τὴν οἰκίαν τῆς Μαρίας τῆς μητρὸς Ἰωάννου τοῦ ἐπικαλουμένου Μάρκου, οὗ ἦσαν ἱκανοὶ συνηθροισμένοι καὶ προσευχόμενοι.

 
13

And when he knocked at the door of the gate, a servant-girl named Rhoda came to answer.

κρούσαντος δὲ αὐτοῦ τὴν θύραν τοῦ πυλῶνος προσῆλθε παιδίσκη ὑπακοῦσαι ὀνόματι Ῥόδη,

 
14

And when she recognized Peter’s voice, because of her joy she did not open the gate. But she ran in and reported that Peter was standing in front of the gate.

καὶ ἐπιγνοῦσα τὴν φωνὴν τοῦ Πέτρου ἀπὸ τῆς χαρᾶς οὐκ ἤνοιξεν τὸν πυλῶνα, εἰσδραμοῦσα δὲ ἀπήγγειλεν ἑστάναι τὸν Πέτρον πρὸ τοῦ πυλῶνος.

 
15

And they said to her, “You are out of your mind!” But she kept insisting that it was so. They kept saying, “It is his angel.”

οἱ δὲ πρὸς αὐτὴν εἶπαν· Μαίνῃ. ἡ δὲ διϊσχυρίζετο οὕτως ἔχειν. οἱ δὲ ἔλεγον· Ὁ ἄγγελός ἐστιν αὐτοῦ.

 
16

But Peter continued knocking, and when they opened the door, they saw him and were astounded.

ὁ δὲ Πέτρος ἐπέμενεν κρούων· ἀνοίξαντες δὲ εἶδαν αὐτὸν καὶ ἐξέστησαν.

 
17

But motioning to them with his hand to be silent, he recounted to them how the Lord had led him out of the prison. And he said, “Report these things to James and the brothers.” Then he left and went to another place.

κατασείσας δὲ αὐτοῖς τῇ χειρὶ σιγᾶν διηγήσατο αὐτοῖς πῶς ὁ κύριος αὐτὸν ἐξήγαγεν ἐκ τῆς φυλακῆς, εἶπέν τε· Ἀπαγγείλατε Ἰακώβῳ καὶ τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς ταῦτα. καὶ ἐξελθὼν ἐπορεύθη εἰς ἕτερον τόπον.

brothers
Though some translations retain the older English plural, “brethren,” the rendering “brothers” here remains perfectly accurate to the Greek text (ἀδελφοῖς; adelphois) and is more natural to modern readers. This language describes the close familial union fellow believers have with one another by virtue of their union with Christ. They are all part of the same family as children of God. The Holy Spirit’s miraculous deliverance of Peter was not an event to be minimized but was to be reported, not only to James (an apostle) but to other believers as well, as the power and work of the Spirit continued to benefit the church.

 
18

Now when day came, there was no small disturbance among the soldiers as to what had become of Peter.

Γενομένης δὲ ἡμέρας ἦν τάραχος οὐκ ὀλίγος ἐν τοῖς στρατιώταις, τί ἄρα ὁ Πέτρος ἐγένετο.

 
19

And when Herod had searched for him and had not found him, he examined the guards and ordered that they be led away to execution. Then he went down from Judea to Caesarea and was spending time there.

Ἡρῴδης δὲ ἐπιζητήσας αὐτὸν καὶ μὴ εὑρὼν ἀνακρίνας τοὺς φύλακας ἐκέλευσεν ἀπαχθῆναι, καὶ κατελθὼν ἀπὸ τῆς Ἰουδαίας εἰς Καισάρειαν διέτριβεν.

 
20

Now he was very angry with the people of Tyre and Sidon; and with one accord they came to him, and having won over Blastus the king’s chamberlain, they were asking for peace, because their country was fed by the king’s country.

Ἦν δὲ θυμομαχῶν Τυρίοις καὶ Σιδωνίοις· ὁμοθυμαδὸν δὲ παρῆσαν πρὸς αὐτόν, καὶ πείσαντες Βλάστον τὸν ἐπὶ τοῦ κοιτῶνος τοῦ βασιλέως ᾐτοῦντο εἰρήνην διὰ τὸ τρέφεσθαι αὐτῶν τὴν χώραν ἀπὸ τῆς βασιλικῆς.

with one accord
One of the goals of this translation is to provide a consistent English rendering when the same word or phrase is used in Greek whenever possible. Such is the case here, where the word ὁμοθυμαδόν (homothymadon) is translated consistently as “one accord” in all eleven of its occurrences (1:14; 2:46; 4:24; 5:12; 7:57; 8:6; here; 15:25; 18:12; 19:29; Rom 15:6). In Acts, this word most often demonstrates the unity brought about by the Holy Spirit among believers, but here, it is used to describe the Tyrians and Sidonians needing to unify together to make peace with Herod. This serves to emphasize the harshness of Herod’s rule as he is painted in an extremely negative light, eventually stricken down by an angel of the Lord (cf. v. 23)

 
21

And on an appointed day Herod, having put on his royal apparel and sitting on the judgment seat, began delivering an address to them.

τακτῇ δὲ ἡμέρᾳ ὁ Ἡρῴδης ἐνδυσάμενος ἐσθῆτα βασιλικὴν καὶ καθίσας ἐπὶ τοῦ βήματος ἐδημηγόρει πρὸς αὐτούς·

 
22

And the assembly kept crying out, “The voice of a god and not of a man!”

ὁ δὲ δῆμος ἐπεφώνει· Θεοῦ φωνὴ καὶ οὐκ ἀνθρώπου.

 
23

And immediately an angel of the Lord struck him because he did not give God the glory, and he was eaten by worms and breathed his last.

παραχρῆμα δὲ ἐπάταξεν αὐτὸν ἄγγελος κυρίου ἀνθʼ ὧν οὐκ ἔδωκεν τὴν δόξαν τῷ θεῷ, καὶ γενόμενος σκωληκόβρωτος ἐξέψυξεν.

breathed his last
This verb, ἐξέψυξεν (exepsyxen), is different than the normal word for “dying” in the New Testament. It literally bears the connotations of breathing out, or “expiring.” Thus, the translation “breathed his last” is preferred for a more vivid depiction of Herod’s death. Furthermore, the other occurrences of this verb are also used in the context of divine judgment, that pertaining to Ananias and Sapphira (Acts 5:5, 10).

 
24

But the word of the Lord continued to grow and to be multiplied.

Ὁ δὲ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ ηὔξανεν καὶ ἐπληθύνετο.

 
25

And Barnabas and Saul returned to Jerusalem, fulfilling their ministry, taking along with them John, who was also called Mark.

Βαρναβᾶς δὲ καὶ Σαῦλος ὑπέστρεψαν, εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ πληρώσαντες τὴν διακονίαν, συμπαραλαβόντες Ἰωάννην τὸν ἐπικληθέντα Μᾶρκον.

to Jerusalem
There is a difficult text-critical issue here, as some early manuscripts and papyri have “from Jerusalem” (ἐξ/ἀπό Ἰερουσαλὴμ; ex/apo Ierousalēm). Internal factors though, favor the reading, “to Jerusalem” (εἰς Ἰερουσαλὴμ; eis Ierousalēm) as the correct text. For example, the verse serves as an inclusio begun in Acts 11:30, where the elders at Antioch give Barnabas and Saul a mission to bring relief to the Judean churches. In the context of Herod’s death, the verse shows that the Gentile mission is not blocked by Gentile powers but continues as part of the whole church (as evidenced by the completion of the ministry to the Jews that was initiated in the earlier chapter). Jerusalem served as a sort of home base for the disciples, as John Mark returns back to Jerusalem (13:13) and Paul describes himself as returning back to Jerusalem in his testimony (22:17). It is possible to translate the verse as, “Barnabas and Saul returned, having completed their ministry to Jerusalem.” However, in Luke/Acts ὑποστρέφω (hypostrephō) with εἰς (eis) is consistently translated as returned to (about 16x).

 
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