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Legacy Standard Bible Translation Notes
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NOTES

BIBLE

1 Timothy 5

1

Do not sharply rebuke an older man, but rather plead with him as a father, to the younger men as brothers,

Πρεσβυτέρῳ μὴ ἐπιπλήξῃς, ἀλλὰ παρακάλει ὡς πατέρα, νεωτέρους ὡς ἀδελφούς,

 
2

the older women as mothers, and the younger women as sisters, in all purity.

πρεσβυτέρας ὡς μητέρας, νεωτέρας ὡς ἀδελφὰς ἐν πάσῃ ἁγνείᾳ.

 
3

Honor widows who are widows indeed,

Χήρας τίμα τὰς ὄντως χήρας.

 
4

but if any widow has children or grandchildren, they must first learn to practice piety in regard to their own family and to make some return to their parents; for this is acceptable in the sight of God.

εἰ δέ τις χήρα τέκνα ἢ ἔκγονα ἔχει, μανθανέτωσαν πρῶτον τὸν ἴδιον οἶκον εὐσεβεῖν καὶ ἀμοιβὰς ἀποδιδόναι τοῖς προγόνοις, τοῦτο γάρ ἐστιν ἀπόδεκτον ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ.

 
5

Now she who is a widow indeed and who has been left alone, has fixed her hope on God and continues in petitions and prayers night and day.

ἡ δὲ ὄντως χήρα καὶ μεμονωμένη ἤλπικεν ἐπὶ θεὸν καὶ προσμένει ταῖς δεήσεσιν καὶ ταῖς προσευχαῖς νυκτὸς καὶ ἡμέρας·

 
6

But she who lives in self-indulgence is dead even while she lives.

ἡ δὲ σπαταλῶσα ζῶσα τέθνηκεν.

 
7

And command these things as well, so that they may be above reproach.

καὶ ταῦτα παράγγελλε, ἵνα ἀνεπίλημπτοι ὦσιν·

 
8

But if anyone does not provide for his own, and especially for those of his household, he has denied the faith and is worse than an unbeliever.

εἰ δέ τις τῶν ἰδίων καὶ μάλιστα οἰκείων οὐ προνοεῖ, τὴν πίστιν ἤρνηται καὶ ἔστιν ἀπίστου χείρων.

 
9

A widow is to be put on the list only if she is not less than sixty years old, having been the wife of one man,

Χήρα καταλεγέσθω μὴ ἔλαττον ἐτῶν ἑξήκοντα γεγονυῖα, ἑνὸς ἀνδρὸς γυνή,

 
10

having a reputation for good works; if she has brought up children, if she has shown hospitality to strangers, if she has washed the saints’ feet, if she has assisted those in affliction, if she has devoted herself to every good work.

ἐν ἔργοις καλοῖς μαρτυρουμένη, εἰ ἐτεκνοτρόφησεν, εἰ ἐξενοδόχησεν, εἰ ἁγίων πόδας ἔνιψεν, εἰ θλιβομένοις ἐπήρκεσεν, εἰ παντὶ ἔργῳ ἀγαθῷ ἐπηκολούθησεν.

if
Though some translations supply “and” between some of the elements in Paul’s list here, having begun in verse 9, καὶ (kai) does not appear in the text. Paul simply uses the word εἰ (ei; “if”) to introduce each new list item, and the translation of this verse reflects that. This helps the contents of these two verses to stand out properly as a list of criteria, which might be thought of as Paul’s way of using bullet points, so to speak. A woman is required to have a résumé that looks like this in order to be placed on the church’s list of widows who need special care from the church. This would quell the problem of younger widows who are still capable of actively serving a family and the church from unduly and idly taking advantage of church’s care for widows in need.

 
11

But refuse to put younger widows on the list, for when they feel sensual desires in disregard of Christ, they want to get married,

νεωτέρας δὲ χήρας παραιτοῦ· ὅταν γὰρ καταστρηνιάσωσιν τοῦ Χριστοῦ, γαμεῖν θέλουσιν,

 
12

thus incurring condemnation, because they have set aside their previous pledge.

ἔχουσαι κρίμα ὅτι τὴν πρώτην πίστιν ἠθέτησαν·

 
13

And at the same time they also learn to be idle, as they go around from house to house. And not merely idle, but also gossips and busybodies, talking about things not proper to mention.

ἅμα δὲ καὶ ἀργαὶ μανθάνουσιν, περιερχόμεναι τὰς οἰκίας, οὐ μόνον δὲ ἀργαὶ ἀλλὰ καὶ φλύαροι καὶ περίεργοι, λαλοῦσαι τὰ μὴ δέοντα.

 
14

Therefore, I want younger widows to get married, bear children, keep house, and give the enemy no opportunity for reviling,

βούλομαι οὖν νεωτέρας γαμεῖν, τεκνογονεῖν, οἰκοδεσποτεῖν, μηδεμίαν ἀφορμὴν διδόναι τῷ ἀντικειμένῳ λοιδορίας χάριν·

 
15

for some have already turned aside after Satan.

ἤδη γάρ τινες ἐξετράπησαν ὀπίσω τοῦ Σατανᾶ.

 
16

If any believing woman has widows, she must assist them and the church must not be burdened, so that it may assist those who are widows indeed.

εἴ τις πιστὴ ἔχει χήρας, ἐπαρκείτω αὐταῖς, καὶ μὴ βαρείσθω ἡ ἐκκλησία, ἵνα ταῖς ὄντως χήραις ἐπαρκέσῃ.

 
17

The elders who lead well are to be considered worthy of double honor, especially those who labor at preaching the word and teaching.

Οἱ καλῶς προεστῶτες πρεσβύτεροι διπλῆς τιμῆς ἀξιούσθωσαν, μάλιστα οἱ κοπιῶντες ἐν λόγῳ καὶ διδασκαλίᾳ·

 
18

For the Scripture says, “YOU SHALL NOT MUZZLE THE OX WHILE IT IS THRESHING,” and “THE LABORER IS WORTHY OF HIS WAGES.”

λέγει γὰρ ἡ γραφή· Βοῦν ἀλοῶντα οὐ φιμώσεις, καί· Ἄξιος ὁ ἐργάτης τοῦ μισθοῦ αὐτοῦ.

THE LABORER IS WORTHY OF HIS WAGES
This translation characteristically employs caps in the New Testament when previous Scripture is being quoted, usually from the Old Testament. In this case, the particular phrase, “The laborer is worthy of his wages,” is a direct quote from Jesus in Luke 10:7, who more concisely stated the principle originally elaborated in Leviticus 19:13 and Deuteronomy 24:15. There, God required that a the due wagers of a hired worker not be withheld. Paul applies this here, as Jesus did in Luke 10:7, to those who work for the cause of the gospel. They likewise are worthy of compensation for their labor (cf. 1 Cor 9:14). The formatting of this translation helps readers recognize that Paul is drawing on this logic from previous Scripture so that they may go back and ensure they understand what was taught there in order to better track Paul’s argumentation here.

 
19

Do not receive an accusation against an elder except on the basis of two or three witnesses.

κατὰ πρεσβυτέρου κατηγορίαν μὴ παραδέχου, ἐκτὸς εἰ μὴ ἐπὶ δύο ἢ τριῶν μαρτύρων·

 
20

Those who continue in sin, reprove in the presence of all, so that the rest also will be fearful.

τοὺς ἁμαρτάνοντας ἐνώπιον πάντων ἔλεγχε, ἵνα καὶ οἱ λοιποὶ φόβον ἔχωσιν.

 
21

I solemnly charge you in the presence of God and of Christ Jesus and of His elect angels, to observe these instructions without bias, doing nothing in partiality.

διαμαρτύρομαι ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ καὶ τῶν ἐκλεκτῶν ἀγγέλων, ἵνα ταῦτα φυλάξῃς χωρὶς προκρίματος, μηδὲν ποιῶν κατὰ πρόσκλισιν.

instructions
While this word is only implied from context, “instructions” provides a better idea of what Paul is saying here than “principles,” because he has been instructing Timothy in these things. The translation as “instructions” keeps this idea consistent.

 
22

Do not lay hands upon anyone hastily and thereby share responsibility for the sins of others; keep yourself pure.

χεῖρας ταχέως μηδενὶ ἐπιτίθει, μηδὲ κοινώνει ἁμαρτίαις ἀλλοτρίαις· σεαυτὸν ἁγνὸν τήρει.

pure
“Pure” is a direct and literal translation of ἁγνός (agnos), which has the idea of being clean, pure, or innocent. Too quickly affirming someone unto eldership could lead to sharing in that person’s sins and would thus tarnish Timothy’s purity.

 
23

No longer drink water only, but use a little wine for the sake of your stomach and your frequent ailments.

μηκέτι ὑδροπότει, ἀλλὰ οἴνῳ ὀλίγῳ χρῶ διὰ τὸν στόμαχον καὶ τὰς πυκνάς σου ἀσθενείας.

 
24

The sins of some men are quite evident, going before them to judgment; for others, their sins follow after.

Τινῶν ἀνθρώπων αἱ ἁμαρτίαι πρόδηλοί εἰσιν, προάγουσαι εἰς κρίσιν, τισὶν δὲ καὶ ἐπακολουθοῦσιν·

 
25

So also good works are quite evident, and those which are otherwise cannot be concealed.

ὡσαύτως καὶ τὰ ἔργα τὰ καλὰ πρόδηλα, καὶ τὰ ἄλλως ἔχοντα κρυβῆναι οὐ δύνανται.

good works
The phrase “good works” provides a more literal and consistent translation than something like “deeds that are good” for τὰ ἔργα τὰ καλὰ (ta erga ta kala). Paul is drawing a contrast between good works and other works (i.e., those that are not good). Both categories are “quite evident” as Paul emphasizes that the truth will ultimately always come out regarding a person’s true character. Thus, Timothy need not worry about the ability to distinguish false teachers from truly qualified elders. Though care and patience are required (cf. verse 22), their works will clearly reveal their nature over time (cf. Matt 7:16, 20; 12:33; Luke 6:44; James 3:12).

 
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